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What the terms mean, how the numbers are built and how to read a financial claim, written for a reader who is searching.
A stock makes you an owner; a bond makes you a lender. Here is how each works, how they behave when markets fall, and why most portfolios hold a mix of the two rather than betting on one.
An initial public offering is how a private company sells its shares to the public for the first time. Here is how the process actually works, from the confidential filing to the opening trade, and what each step means if you are thinking of buying in.